印度能源需求急剧下降

据能源世界网3月30日新德里报道，在过去的五周，印度对汽油，柴油和航空燃料的需求下降了多达三分之一，而电力消耗下降了四分之一，因为疫情影响行和为期21天的封锁以检查感染是否蔓延而使几乎所有商业和工业活动陷入停顿。

因人们被要求在家避疫，LPG需求在此期间增长了4％。与去年同期相比，需求量增加了6.5％。

根据电网运营商POSOCO的最新数据显示，在全国封锁的第三天，上周五的电力耗下降至25.9亿。这是自2015年3月1日以来的最新水平，当时印度的发电量减少了25％。

由于封锁冲击了大部分需求，电力消耗下降，工业（41%)、农业(18%)和商业机构(8%）。

印度最大的炼油厂和燃料零售商印度石油公司董事长桑吉夫·辛格(Sanjiv Singh) 表示，2月20日至3月28日期间，汽油需求下降了13.5％，柴油需求下降了21％，航空燃料需求下降了27％，因为封锁限制了经济活动。

对成品油的需求下降迫使国营石油精炼厂减少原油加工，并援引“不可抗力”条款推迟4月份的石油装运，因为他们已经耗尽了原油和成品油的储存。据路透社上周报道，液化天然气进口商也因同样的条款推迟了货物。由于封锁使CNG汽车停驶并关闭了行业，需求减少了。

石油部长达曼德拉·普拉丹（Dharmendra Pradhan）周日通过电视会议向沙特阿拉伯总统阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹·本·萨勒曼（Abdulaziz bin Salman）和阿美石油公司首席执行官阿敏·纳赛尔（Amin Nasser）解释了这一情况，并要求增加液化石油气的供应。谈判中也提到了油价暴跌。

印度一年消费的2750万吨液化石油气中，有55%是靠进口的，沙特阿拉伯每月向印度供应约20万吨的燃料。其还是印度的第二大石油供应商，每月向印度销售近200万吨原油。

辛格告诉TOI，该公司已经确定了四月的需求，所有的原油和产品都已足够。他表示，石油公司的原油和产品库存将维持10-15天。液化石油气的库存持续20-22天，从沙特阿拉伯、卡塔尔和阿联酋获得了额外的供应。PSU石油公司持有足够的LPG存量，可以持续20-22天。原油和成品油库存足够持续10-15天。 请不要惊慌。

郝芬 译自 能源世界网

原文如下：

India’s energy demand dips sharply as lockdown bites

India’s demand for petrol, diesel and jet fuel has declined by up to a third in the last five weeks, while power consumption dropped by a quarter as the coronavirus pandemic and the 21-day lockdown to check the infection from spreading brought almost all commercial and industrial activities to a grinding halt.

But LPG demand recorded 4 per cent growth during this period as families were confined to their homes due to the lockdown. On year-ago basis, the demand is higher by 6.5 per cent.

Latest data from grid operator POSOCO shows power consumption dropping to 2.59 billion units on Friday, the third day of the national lockdown. This is a level last seen on March 1, 2015, when India had 25 per cent less generation capacity.

Power consumption has fallen as the lockdown hit the largest chunk of demand -- industry (41 per cent), agriculture (18 per cent) and commercial establishments (8 per cent).

Chairman of India’s largest refiner and fuel retailer IndianOil, Sanjiv Singh said demand for petrol has fallen by 13.5 per cent between February 20 and March 28, diesel 21 per cent, jet fuel 27 per cent because the lockdown curbed economic activities.

The lower demand for refined products has forced state-run oil refiners to taper crude processing and invoke ‘force majeure’ clause to put off oil shipments for April as they have run out of storage for crude and refined products. News agency Reuters last week reported liquefied natural gas importers too deferring cargoes under the same clause after demand shrivelled as the lockdown sent CNG vehicles off the road and shuttered industries.

Oil minister Dharmendra Pradhan on Sunday explained the situation to his Saudi Arabian counterpart Abdulaziz bin Salman and Aramco CEO Amin Nasser through video-conference and requested additional LPG supply. The oil price crash also figured in the talks.

India imports 55 per cent of the 27.5 million tonne of LPG it consumes in a year and Saudi Arabia supplies some 200,000 tonne of the fuel every month. It is also India's second-largest oil supplier, selling close to 2 million tonnes of crude very month.

Singh told TOI the company has mapped the demand for April and all its crude and products are full. He said the oil companies have crude and product stocks to last 10-15 days. LPG stocks are good for 20-22 days and additional supplies were being tied up from Saudi Arabia, Qatar and UAE.

“The PSU oil companies hold enough stock of LPG to last 20-22 days. Crude and refined product stocks are good enough to last for 10-15 days. Please don’t panic. ” he said.