石油市场现状危及清洁能源转型计划

据世界石油4月15日伦敦彭博社报道，国际能源署(International EnergyAgency)表示，大型石油公司(BigOil)因疫情引发的需求骤降而面临的困境可能会让全球减少污染的努力偏离轨道。

总部位于巴黎的为能源政策国家提供建议的机构表示，经济放缓和价格下跌“削弱了石油工业开发全球清洁能源转型所需的某些技术的能力”。

该行业一再呼吁政府支持关键技术，如氢和碳捕获和储存，这些技术将空气中的污染物吸收出来。欧洲所有主要的石油和天然气公司现在都有长远减排的雄心，一些公司已经涉足电力行业，收购公用事业公司或投资于生物燃料。

2019年，全球能源排放三年来首次保持稳定。燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气仍然是温室气体污染的主要来源。

由于与疫情相关的封锁，十年的石油需求增长将在2020年被抹去。国际能源署(IEA)在其月度石油报告中表示，本月燃料使用量将减少近三分之一，降至1995年以来的最低水平，这将对主要石油公司的收入造成打击。

环保人士正努力将环保问题置于议程的首位，反映出他们担心政策制定者会将注意力转向帮助那些因封锁而在经济上受到损害的人。

迄今为止，与大型石油公司相比，Iberdrola SA、Enel SpA和杜克能源公司(Duke Energy Corp.)等公用事业公司在可再生能源和摆脱化石燃料转型方面的投资更多。在石油行业，荷兰皇家壳牌公司(Royal Dutch Shell Plc)、英国石油公司(BP Plc)和道达尔公司(Total SA)等欧洲石油巨头对设定绿色目标和投资清洁能源技术的呼声最高。

郝芬 译自 世界石油

原文如下：

Clean energy transition plans imperiled by oil’s crash

The pain felt by Big Oil from the coronavirus-led plunge in demand may derail global efforts to cut pollution, the International Energy Agency said.

The slowdown and falling prices “undermines the ability of the oil industry to develop some of the technologies needed for clean energy transitions around the world,” said the Paris-based agency that advises nations on energy policy.

The industry has repeatedly called for government support for key technologies, such as hydrogen and carbon capture and storage which sucks pollution out of the air. All major European oil and gas companies now have ambitions in place to reduce their emissions in the long-term and some have dabbled in the power business, buying up utilities or invested in biofuels.

Global emissions from energy held steady in 2019 for the first time in three years. Burning coal, oil and natural gas still accounts for the bulk of the greenhouse-gas pollution.

A decade of oil demand growth will be wiped out in 2020 because of lockdowns associated with the coronavirus crisis. Fuel use this month will contract by almost a third to the lowest level since 1995, delivering a blow to the revenue of major oil companies, the IEA said in its monthly oil report.

Environmental campaigners are working to keep green issues at the top of the political agenda, reflecting concerns that policy makers will turn their attention toward helping those hurt economically by the lockdowns.

So far, it’s utilities such as Iberdrola SA, Enel SpA and Duke Energy Corp. that have invested more in renewables and transition away from fossil fuels than Big Oil companies. Within the oil industry, European majors such as Royal Dutch Shell Plc, BP Plc and Total SA have been the most vocal about setting green targets and investing in cleaner energy technologies.