美国原油库存激增达1900万桶

据烃加工网站4月15日消息 美国能源信息署（EIA）表示，上周美国原油库存增加1900万桶，创下历史上最大单周增幅，原因是由于疫情导致需求下滑，炼油企业纷纷减产。

在截至4月10日的一周内，原油库存上涨幅度远大于路透社的调查，该调查称库存上涨1170万桶，并抵消了全球产油国之间达成大幅减产协议所带来的部分乐观情绪。受此消息影响，原油期货价格暴跌。

全球的燃料需求下降了大约30%，因为商业已经关闭，居民避免公众集会和旅行。大流行已经造成超过13万人死亡，200万人感染。EIA表示，美国大多数州都发布了命令，要求人们居家。过去四周的汽油需求比去年同期下降了32%。

炼油企业的反应是减少原油采购和加工，他们的产能占全国的69%，是2008年9月以来的最低水平，这些应对需求疲软的行动正波及管道公司和石油生产商。后者正被迫减产，因为一些管道公司已表示，除非石油有一个可靠的目的地，否则它们无法运输石油。

与此同时，库存仍在继续增加。美国能源信息署表示，美国原油期货交割中心俄克拉荷马州库欣的原油库存上周增加570万桶，目前总量为5500万桶。管道公司表示，该中心的产能约为7600万桶，并可能在5月中旬前达到饱和。

受此消息影响，原油价格下跌，截至美国东部时间上午10:48，美国原油价格下跌2.3%，至19.69美元/桶，布伦特原油价格下跌6.8%，至27.60美元/桶。

EIA称，上周炼油厂原油日产量下降了96.9万桶。炼油厂利用率本周下降6.5个百分点。

美国汽油库存本周增加490万桶，至创纪录的2.622亿桶，高于640万桶的预期。

EIA数据显示，包括柴油和取暖油在内的馏分油库存本周增加630万桶，达到1.29亿桶，而预期将增加140万桶。

EIA称，上周美国原油净进口量下降79.7万桶/天。

吴恒磊 编译自 烃加工

原文如下：

U.S. crude stocks surge by a record 19 million barrels

U.S. crude oil stockpiles rose by 19 million barrels last week, the biggest one-week increase in history, the U.S. Energy Information Administration said, as refiners throttled back activity due to slumping demand as a result of the coronavirus pandemic.

The build in the week to April 10 was much larger than the Reuters poll calling for a 11.7 million-barrel rise and offsets some of the optimism that had bloomed as a result of a worldwide pact between oil producers to cut output sharply. Crude futures slumped on the news.

Worldwide fuel demand has dropped by roughly 30% as businesses have shuttered, and residents avoid public gatherings and travel due to the pandemic, which has killed more than 130,000 people and infected 2 million. Most U.S. states have issued orders asking people to stay at home; gasoline demand over the last four weeks has dropped by 32% from the year-ago period, EIA said.

Refiners have responded by cutting crude purchases and processing; they were operating at 69% of capacity nationwide, their lowest since September 2008, and their actions to counter weak demand is rippling through pipeline companies and oil producers. The latter are being forced to cut production, as some pipeline companies have said they cannot ship oil unless it has a proven destination.

Storage, meanwhile, continues to fill. Crude stocks at the Cushing, Oklahoma, delivery hub for U.S. crude futures rose by 5.7 million barrels last week, the EIA said, and now total 55 million barrels. The hub has about 76 million barrels of capacity, and could be full by mid-May, pipeline companies have said.

Crude prices dropped on the news, with U.S. crude down 2.3% to $19.69 a barrel as of 10:48 a.m. ET (1448 GMT) and Brent down 6.8% to $27.60 a barrel.

Refinery crude runs fell by 969,000 barrels per day (bpd) in the last week, EIA said. Refinery utilization rates fell by 6.5 percentage points on the week.

U.S. gasoline stocks rose by 4.9 million barrels in the week to record high at 262.2 million barrels, the EIA said, compared with expectations for a 6.4 million-barrel rise.

Distillate stockpiles, which include diesel and heating oil, rose by 6.3 million barrels in the week to 129 million barrels, versus expectations for a 1.4 million-barrel rise, the EIA data showed.

Net U.S. crude imports fell last week by 797,000 bpd last week, EIA said.