可再生能源在成本上超过最廉价的煤炭

据油气新闻网站6月2日消息 国际可再生能源机构（IRENA）的一份新报告称，可再生能源的成本越来越低，超过了任何以化石燃料为基础的新发电产能。

2019年可再生能源发电成本显示，2019年新增的可再生能源发电量中，超过一半的发电成本低于最廉价的新建煤电厂。

报告强调，新的可再生能源发电项目现在越来越削弱现有的燃煤电厂。平均而言，新的太阳能光伏发电（PV）和陆上风力发电的成本低于维持许多现有燃煤电厂的运营成本，结果显示，这一趋势正在加速，加强了完全淘汰煤炭的力量。报告显示，明年现有煤炭产能中高达1200吉瓦的运营成本可能高于新建公用事业规模太阳能光伏发电的成本。

明年，用太阳能光伏和陆上风能取代最昂贵的500吉瓦煤炭，将使电力系统成本每年减少高达230亿美元，年排放量减少约18亿吨二氧化碳，相当于2019年全球二氧化碳排放总量的5%。同时还将产生9400亿美元的投资刺激，相当于全球GDP的1%左右。

IRENA总干事Francesco La Camera表示：“我们已经到了能源转换的一个重要转折点。新的和大部分现有的燃煤发电在环境和经济上都是不合理的。”

“可再生能源日益成为最廉价的新电力来源，为刺激全球经济和让人们重返工作岗位提供了巨大潜力。可再生投资是稳定、成本效益高、具有吸引力的投资，在为更广泛的经济体带来效益的同时，还能提供始终如一、可预测的回报。”

Francesco La Camera 表示：“全球复苏战略必须是一个绿色战略，可再生能源提供了一种将短期政策行动与中长期能源和气候目标相结合的方法。在疫情爆发后，可再生能源必须成为各国努力重启经济的支柱。如果制定了正确的政策，可再生能源成本的下降可以改变市场，为绿色复苏做出巨大贡献。”

在过去十年中，由于技术进步、规模经济、竞争日益激烈的供应链和不断增长的开发商经验，可再生能源电力成本急剧下降。自2010年以来，公用事业规模的太阳能光伏发电成本下降幅度最大，高达82%；其次是聚光太阳能发电（CSP），为47%；陆上风电为39%，海上风电为29%。

王磊 摘译自 油气新闻

原文如下：

Renewables beat cheapest coal rivals on cost

Renewable power is increasingly cheaper than any new electricity capacity based on fossil fuels, a new report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) finds.

Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2019 shows that more than half of the renewable capacity added in 2019 achieved lower power costs than the cheapest new coal plants.

The report highlights that new renewable power generation projects now increasingly undercut existing coal-fired plants. On average, new solar photovoltaic (PV) and onshore wind power cost less than keeping many existing coal plants in operation, and auction results show this trend accelerating – reinforcing the case to phase-out coal entirely. Next year, up to 1 200 gigawatts (GW) of existing coal capacity could cost more to operate than the cost of new utility-scale solar PV, the report shows.

Replacing the costliest 500 GW of coal with solar PV and onshore wind next year would cut power system costs by up to $23 billion every year and reduce annual emissions by around 1.8 gigatons (Gt) of carbon dioxide (CO2), equivalent to 5 per cent of total global CO2 emissions in 2019. It would also yield an investment stimulus of $940 billion, which is equal to around 1 per cent of global GDP.

“We have reached an important turning point in the energy transition. The case for new and much of the existing coal power generation, is both environmentally and economically unjustifiable,” said Francesco La Camera, Director-General of IRENA.

“Renewable energy is increasingly the cheapest source of new electricity, offering tremendous potential to stimulate the global economy and get people back to work. Renewable investments are stable, cost-effective and attractive offering consistent and predictable returns while delivering benefits to the wider economy.”

“A global recovery strategy must be a green strategy,” La Camera added. “Renewables offer a way to align short-term policy action with medium- and long-term energy and climate goals. Renewables must be the backbone of national efforts to restart economies in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak. With the right policies in place, falling renewable power costs, can shift markets and contribute greatly towards a green recovery.”

Renewable electricity costs have fallen sharply over the past decade, driven by improving technologies, economies of scale, increasingly competitive supply chains and growing developer experience. Since 2010, utility-scale solar PV power has shown the sharpest cost decline at 82 per cent, followed by concentrating solar power (CSP) at 47 per cent, onshore wind at 39 per cent and offshore wind at 29 per cent