IEA：疫情阻碍了全球清洁能源的发展

据油气新闻网6月7日华盛顿报道，国际能源署(IEA)表示，尽管大多数清洁能源技术和部门未能跟上气候、空气污染和能源获取的长期目标，但疫情可能进一步阻碍这一进展。

国际能源署最新的清洁能源进展跟踪报告评估了各种能源技术和行业，为2019年清洁能源进展提供了一个明确的介绍。在46项技术和行业中，只有6项符合国际能源署的可持续发展设想。该设想描绘了实现《巴黎协定》(Paris Agreement)有关气候变化的目标、普及能源并显著减少空气污染的途径。另外24项技术显示出了一些进展，而16项技术“偏离正规”。

2019年底仍“朝正确方向发展”的技术包括电动汽车、照明和数据中心，但在可持续发展设想方案的潜在减排中，这些仅占很小的份额。

在今年的升级更新中，两个技术领域降级，并且没有一个技术或行业升级。 核电如今处于“偏离轨道”，因为2019年新投产的核电量仅为2018年新增核能的一半。此前“步入正轨”的能源储存能力也出现了下降，年度装机容量出现近10年来的首次下降。

许多全球最大的排放源仍然“偏离正规”。电力部门占能源相关二氧化碳排放的40%左右，但连续第三年“偏离正规”。2019年，电力行业排放仅下降1.3%，远低于可持续发展设想中到2030年平均每年减少4%的目标。

建筑行业也依然偏离轨道，2019年排放量再次上升至历史最高水平。另一个令人担忧的发展是，随着购车者继续购买更大的汽车，世界各地的燃油经济性改善放缓。

新冠疫情危机正在破坏近年来在关键领域取得的重要进展，同时也阻碍了更广泛技术的进展，这些技术的增长已经面临挑战。例如，长期的经济疲软和低化石燃料价格可能会延迟一些清洁能源投资。 可持续性和气候问题可能会拖延政治议程。 资金短缺的社会可能会继续使用其现有的车辆，建筑物，电器，能源基础设施和工业设施，而不是用碳密集程度较低的替代品来替代它们。

IEA执行董事法提赫·比罗尔（Fatih Birol）博士表示，甚至在危机爆发之前就已经出现警告信号，目前这场危机有可能进一步放缓清洁能源技术的发展。现在还不是我们放松油门的时候。我们的最新发现表明，各国政府迫切需要采取更多措施促进这些技术的发展，这些技术可以创造就业机会，刺激经济增长，并帮助我们加快向更清洁能源系统的过渡。

今年发布的最新数据附有新冠肺炎对各行业影响的摘要，随后将在未来几天发表一篇文章，探讨危机为清洁能源技术带来的关键新兴问题。 今年秋天，一份重要报告将更全面地审查今年上半年的所有相关数据。

《清洁能源进展跟踪报告》对各种技术和行业的清洁能源转型提供了全面、严格和最新的分析。其利用IEA对市场、模型和能源统计数据的独特理解，跟踪和评估技术在部署、绩效、投资、政策和创新方面的进展。

该报告重点介绍了为各国政府、工业界和全球能源系统其他关键行为者建议采取的行动。 其还利用国际能源机构广泛的全球技术网络，其中包括近40个技术合作方案的6000名研究人员。

郝芬 译自 油气新闻网

原文如下：

Clean energy progress hindered by Covid-19: IEA

While a majority of clean energy technologies and sectors are failing to keep pace with long-term climate, air pollution and energy access goals, Covid-19 crisis could further impede the progress, said the International Energy Agency (IEA).

The IEA’s latest Tracking Clean Energy Progress report assesses a full range of energy technologies and sectors to provide a definitive snapshot of clean energy progress in 2019. Only 6 out of 46 technologies and sectors were “on track” with the IEA’s Sustainable Development Scenario, which maps out pathway to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change, deliver universal energy access and significantly reduce air pollution. Another 24 technologies showed some progress while 16 technologies were “off track.”

Examples of technologies that remained “on track” by the end of 2019 include electric vehicles, lighting and data centres, but these account for only a small share of potential emissions reductions in the Sustainable Development Scenario.

Two technology areas have been downgraded in this year’s update, and not a single technology or sector has been upgraded. Nuclear power is now “off track” as new nuclear capacity brought online in 2019 was only half the amount added in 2018. Energy storage – previously “on track” – has been downgraded as annual installations fell for the first time in nearly a decade.

Many of the largest sources of global emissions remain “off track.” The power sector accounts for around 40% of energy-related CO2 emissions but remains “off track” for the third year in a row. Power sector emissions fell by only 1.3% in 2019, well short of the 4% annual average reduction through 2030 that is envisaged in the Sustainable Development Scenario.

The buildings sector also remains off track, with emissions rising again in 2019 to an all-time high. Another concerning development was the slowdown in fuel economy improvements around the world as car buyers continued to purchase bigger vehicles.

The Covid-19 crisis is disrupting important progress that has been achieved in key areas in recent years while also stunting advances in a wider range of technologies whose growth was already facing challenges. For example, a prolonged period of economic weakness and low fossil fuel prices may delay some clean energy investments. Sustainability and climate issues may slip down political agendas. Cash-strapped societies may continue to use their existing stock of vehicles, buildings, appliances, energy infrastructure and industrial facilities rather than replacing them with less carbon-intensive alternatives.

“There were warning signs even before the crisis, which is now threatening to further slow the development of clean energy technologies,” said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA Executive Director. “This is not the time to take our foot off the pedal. Our latest findings make clear the urgent need for governments to do more to foster the growth of these technologies, which can create jobs, stimulate economic growth and also help us accelerate transitions to cleaner energy systems.”

This year's release of updated figures comes with a sector-by-sector summary of Covid-19 impacts, which will be followed in the coming days by an article examining key emerging issues that the crisis is creating for clean energy technologies. In the autumn, a major report will review all relevant data from the first half of 2020 more comprehensively.

The Tracking Clean Energy Progress report provides a comprehensive, rigorous and up-to-date analysis of clean energy transitions across a full range of technologies and sectors. It makes use of the IEA’s unique understanding of markets, modelling and energy statistics to track and assess technology progress in terms of deployment, performance, investment, policies and innovation.

The report highlights recommended actions for governments, industry and other key actors in the global energy system. It also draws on the IEA’s extensive global technology network, which includes 6,000 researchers across nearly 40 Technology Collaboration Programmes.