可再生能源蓬勃发展但还不足以实现气候目标

据能源世界网6月11日巴黎报道，联合国周三警告称，2019年全球清洁能源发电量比前一年增加了12%，但未来10年计划开发的新可再生能源远远不能阻止危险的全球变暖。

根据联合国环境规划署和彭博新能源财经(BNEF)联合发布的《全球可再生能源投资趋势年度报告》(Global Trends in renewable Energy Investment report，简称BNEF)，去年可再生能源发电新增184吉瓦，其中主要是太阳能和风能。

1吉瓦相当于一个核反应堆的容量。

2019年可再生能源投资总额为2822亿美元，以中国(834亿美元)、美国(555亿美元)、欧洲(546亿美元)、日本(165亿美元)和印度(93亿美元)为首，其中21个国家的投资额分别达到创纪录的20亿美元。

发展中国家——不包括中国和印度——在清洁能源领域投入了史无前例的595亿美元。

据报告显示，太阳能和风能的成本迅速下降——在大多数电力市场上，它们的价格都低于煤炭——意味着它们的性价比更高。

2019年的投资与去年相同，但又增加了20吉瓦的装机容量。

但据报告称，根据巴黎气候条约的目标，即将全球变暖控制在“远低于”前工业化高出2摄氏度的水平，向清洁能源过渡的速度还不够快。

该报告总结道，到2030年计划826吉瓦的新可再生能源-成本约1万亿美元-仅是使我们步入2C世界所需的约3,000吉瓦的四分之一。

对可再生能源的投资也滞后——在过去10年里，对可再生能源的投资超过2.7万亿美元。

该报告作者之一，BNEF首席执行官、乔恩·摩尔(Jon Moore)表示，今年清洁能源将走到一个十字路口。过去十年取得了巨大进展，但官方为2030年设定的目标远未达到应对气候变化的要求。

他补充道，-“价格不断下跌”-当当前的健康危机缓解时，政府不仅必须促进可再生能源的发展，而且还必须促进交通运输，建筑和工业的脱碳。

该报告作者们认为，为推动因COVID-l9疫情封锁而停滞的经济，动员了大量资金，这是一个千载难逢的机会，可以缩小投资上的“可再生能源差距”。

UNEP执行主任Inger Andersen表示，如果各国政府利用可再生能源价格不断下降的优势，将清洁能源置于疫情后经济复苏的核心位置，他们就可以向健康的自然世界迈出一大步。这是防止全球疫情的最佳保险单。

但是，从棕色的全球经济过渡到绿色的经济充满了障碍。

例如，根据国际能源署(IEA)和经济合作与发展组织(OECD)上周的一份报告，去年对可再生能源的投资还不到各国政府补贴化石燃料资金的一半。

这两个机构发现，去年77个经济体对消费和生产的综合补贴总额为4780亿美元。

与2018年相比下降了18％，但下降主要是由于石油和天然气价格下降。

根据OECD的数据显示，去年44个国家对化石燃料生产的补贴增加了38%。

OECD秘书长古里亚(Angel Gurria)在一份声明中表示,我很遗憾地看到，逐步取消化石燃料支持的努力出现倒退。

郝芬 译自 能源世界网

原文如下：

Renewables booming but not enough to meet climate targets: UN

The world added 12 percent more clean power capacity in 2019 than the year before, but new renewable energy planned over the next decade falls far short of what is needed to forestall dangerous global warming, the UN warned on Wednesday.

An additional 184 gigawatts (GW) of renewable power -- mostly solar and wind -- came on line last year, according to the Annual Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment report, jointly issued by the UN Environment Programme and Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF).

One gigawatt is similar to the capacity of a nuclear reactor.

Total investment in renewables in 2019 was $282.2 billion, led by China ($83.4 bn), the United States ($55.5 bn), Europe ($54.6 bn), Japan ($16.5 bn) and India $9.3 bn), with a record 21 countries each spending at least $2 billion.

Developing nations -- not including China and India -- poured an unprecedented $59.5 billion into clean energy.

The rapidly falling cost of solar and wind power -- less expensive in most electricity markets than coal -- means more bang for the buck, the report showed.

Investment in 2019 was the same as the year before, but yielded an additional 20 GW of installed capacity.

But measured against the Paris climate treaty target of capping global warming at "well below" two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, the transition to clean energy is not happening nearly fast enough, the report said.

The 826 GW of new renewables planned by 2030 -- at a cost of about $1 trillion -- is only a quarter of the roughly 3,000 GW required to keep us on track for a 2C world, it concluded.

Investment is lagging as well -- more than $2.7 trillion were committed to renewables during the last decade.

"Clean energy finds itself at a crossroads in 2020," said BNEF chief executive Jon Moore, one of the report's authors. "The last decade produced huge progress, but official targets for 2030 are far short of what is required to address climate change."

- 'Ever-falling price tag' - When the current health crisis eases, he added, governments must not only boost renewable power, but the decarbonisation of transport, buildings and industry.

The huge amounts of cash mobilised to jump-start economies stalled by COVID-l9 lockdowns is a once-in-a-generation opportunity to close this "renewables gap" in investment, the authors argue.

"If governments take advantage of the ever-falling price tag of renewables to put clean energy at the heart of COVID-19 economic recovery, they can take a big step towards a healthy natural world," said UNEP executive director Inger Andersen.

"This is the best insurance policy against global pandemics."

But the transition from a brown global economy to a green one is strewn with obstacles.

Investment in renewables last year, for example, was barely half the amount governments spent to subsidise fossil fuels, according to a report last week from the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Combined subsidies for both consumption and production last year totalled $478 billion in 77 economies, the two intergovernmental agencies found.

That's an 18 percent drop compared to 2018, but the decrease was due mainly to lower oil and gas prices.

Indeed, subsidies for fossil fuel production in 44 countries increased 38 percent last year, OECD figures showed.

"I am saddened to see some backsliding on efforts to phase out fossil fuel support," OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria said in a statement.