印度将在3个交付中心进行天然气交易

据能源世界网6月15日新德里报道，周一印度石油部长达尔门德拉?普拉丹启动该国首家天然气交易所，这将是印度朝着解除天然气市场管制迈出的第一步。此举最终将导致价格市场化，并通过改善供应来提振消费。

印度电力交易市场的IEX正在提供这个平台，将古吉拉特邦的Dahej和Hazira以及安得拉邦的Kakinada作为交货地点或“枢纽”，为合同定价。这与美国不同，美国只有亨利枢纽(Henry Hub)——一条位于路易斯安那州Erath的天然气管道——作为纽约商品交易所合约的交付点。

交付枢纽的选择表明，IEX最初预计贸易将仅限于进口天然气，直到国内油田或煤层气区块的足够产量获得运营商的市场自由，然后再将其流入市场。Dahej和Hazira都有用于停泊进口液化天然气船只的码头，印度正在考虑在Kakinada建造液化天然气码头的建议。

印度大约50%的天然气需求依赖进口。但印度国内天然气价格是根据政府方案确定的，该方案是基于过剩市场(美国、加拿大、英国和俄罗斯)的低基准。该中心还按优先顺序向各行业分配供应。相比之下，由于大量廉价供应，液化天然气市场的情况有所不同。

预计天然气交易将使价格与市场现实相符，并有利于消费者，他们可以优化供应。但是在IEX平台上不会有投机交易。买方提出需求，卖方提出报价。合同价格将通过拍卖确定。该交易所将提供日、周、两周和月合约。

合同将以两种方式构建。首先，IEX负责运输/交付。然后，买方负责交付，并且已经预定了传输量。

由于政府计划在全国范围内建立管道网络的计划仍遥遥无期，因此运输暂时还可能成为一个问题。

天然气只占印度能源组合的6%。作为巴黎气候承诺的一部分，该国政府希望在几年内将天然气提高到15%，以减少经济的碳足迹。政府还计划设立一个天然气交易中心，天然气监管机构正在制定天然气交易准则。

郝芬 译自 能源世界网

原文如下：

India to begin natural gas trading with three delivery hubs

India will take its first baby step towards deregulation of the natural gas market on Monday when oil minister Dharmendra Pradhan launches the country’s first gas exchange, a move that will ultimately lead to market-driven pricing and boost consumption by improving availability.

IEX, the market leader in power trading, is offering the platform with Dahej and Hazira in Gujarat and Kakinada in Andhra Pradesh as delivery locations – or ‘hubs’ – for pricing the contracts. This is unlike the US, which only has the Henry Hub – a gas pipeline located in Erath, Louisiana – as the delivery points for contracts on the NYMEX.

The choice of delivery hubs indicates IEX initially expects trading to be limited to imported gas till sufficient output from domestic fields or CBM blocks awarded with marketing freedom to operators flows into the market. Dahej and Hazira have terminals for importing liquefied gas in ships, or LNG. Proposals for building LNG terminal at Kakinada are under consideration.

India imports roughly 50% of its gas requirement. But domestic gas prices are set according to a government formula based on low benchmarks in surplus markets -- the US, Canada, UK and Russia. The Centre also allots supplies to industries according to priority. These skew the market and stifle consumption. In contrast, the situation in the LNG market is different due to an abundance of cheap supplies.

Gas trading is expected to bring prices in tune with market reality and work to the advantage of consumers, who can optimise supplies. But there will be no speculative trading on the IEX platform. Buyers will put their demand and sellers will make the offer. The contract price will then be discovered through auction. The exchange will offer daily, weekly, fortnightly and monthly contracts.

The contracts will be structured in two ways. In the first, IEX takes care of transportation/delivery. In the second one, the buyer takes care of the delivery and already has booked transmission capacity.

Transportation could also be an issue for the time being as the government’s plan to establish a countrywide pipeline network is still some way off.

Gas makes up only 6% of India’s energy basket. The government wants to raise it to 15% in a few years in a bid to reduce the economy’s carbon footprint as part of its Paris climate commitment. The government is also planning to establish a gas trading hub and the gas regulator is in the process of formulating norms for gas trading.