API:使用LNG减少了美国发电过程中的碳排放

美国石油学会委托进行的一项研究强调，在发电过程中使用美国液化天然气可显著减少温室气体排放。

在ICF研究人员进行的这项研究调查中，分别研究了德国，美国和印度四国中使用美国天然气产生的环境效益，发现使用液化天然气发电比煤炭发电产生的温室气体(GHG)排放量平均减少50.5%。

美国石油协会市场开发部主任达斯汀·迈耶说:“这项研究强调了我们长期以来的认识，即使用美国的天然气发电比煤炭清洁得多，特别是在中国、德国和印度等主要市场。”

这项名为“更新美国液化天然气出口温室气体排放生命周期分析”的研究以德国和印度的案例为基础，论证了天然气对实现全球减排的重要性。

美国的煤炭发电量从2005年的大约50%下降到2019年的24%，而同期天然气发电量从19%上升到近40%。这一转变有助于美国在2008年至2018年期间将电力部门的温室气体排放量减少25%。

该研究涵盖了不同燃料来源的情况，包括美国（马塞勒斯和二叠纪）、澳大利亚和莫桑比克生产的天然气，俄罗斯管道输送的天然气以及各国内生产或进口的煤炭。

进口液化天然气的排放影响在每个供应国考虑的每个市场都是可比较的。对德国而言，美国出口的天然气除了“高甲烷泄漏”和“全球变暖潜值”两个敏感数据之外，美国和其他国家出口的液化天然气的温室气体排放量与俄罗斯通过管道出口的天然气相比，都在一个范围之内。这些情况导致俄罗斯管道天然气的温室气体估计排放量大幅增加。

赵斌 编译自 世界天然气

原文如下：

API: U.S. LNG exports cut GHG emissions in power production

A study commissioned by the American Petroleum Institute (API) stressed that using U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) in power generation significantly cuts GHG emissions.

The study conducted by researchers at ICF examines the environmental benefits of U.S. natural gas use in Germany, and India, finding that using U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) rather than coal for electricity generation produces on average 50.5 per cent fewer greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in all base case scenarios studied.

“This study underscores what we have known for quite some time – that U.S. natural gas is a far cleaner option than coal for electricity generation, especially in key markets in Germany and India,” API director of market development Dustin Meyer said.

Looking at cases in China, Germany and India, the study, “Update to the Life-Cycle Analysis of GHG Emissions for US LNG Exports,” demonstrates the importance of natural gas for achieving global emissions reductions.

Coal generation in the U.S. has fallen from roughly 50 per cent in 2005 to 24 percent in 2019, while natural gas generation has increased from 19 per cent to nearly 40 per cent in the same period. This transition has been instrumental to the U.S. reducing emissions in the power sector by 25 per cent from 2008 to 2018.

The study goes over scenarios that vary by fuel source origination including, natural gas produced in the US (Marcellus and Permian), Australia, and Mozambique, natural gas pipelined from Russia, and domestically produced or imported coal.

Emission impacts of imported LNG are comparable across each source country considered for each market. For Germany and China, LNG exports from the US and other countries have GHG emissions that fall within a compared range as natural gas exported by pipeline from Russia, with the exception of the “High Methane Leaks” and “High GWP” sensitivity scenarios. These scenarios cause a substantial increase in estimated GHG emissions from Russian pipeline gas.