美国将聚焦全球天然气市场发展

据今日油价7月11日报道，BP《2020年世界能源统计评论》，提供了国家一级主要能源供求的全面情况，也涵盖了总体能源消耗和石油供求方面内容。

在天然气的生产和消费方面。天然气是最清洁的化石燃料，也是增长最快的化石燃料，在过去十年里，全球平均年增长率为2.6%。

相比之下，石油在过去10年的增长率为1.3%，全球煤炭的增长率为0.8%。展望未来，天然气预计将是未来20年唯一需求将大幅增长的化石燃料。

过去10年，美国页岩气的繁荣推动美国成为全球最大的天然气生产国。2019年，美国在全球天然气产量中占有23.1%的绝对份额，远远超过俄罗斯(17.0%)，甚至超过整个中东(17.4%)。

2019年，前十大天然气生产国占世界天然气供应量的70%。去年，美国天然气日产量增长10.2%，达到891亿立方英尺，比2005年增长了88%。事实上，美国2019年的产量比其他任何两个国家全年的产量加起来还要多。

在过去的十年里，美国的天然气产量以年均4.4%的速度增长。这实际上落后于澳大利亚(12.1%)、卡塔尔(8.3%)的平均年增长率。

排名全球前6的天然气消费国也都在前10个天然气生产国之列，鉴于天然气不像石油那样容易运输，天然气生产国和消费国排名存在很多重叠也就不足为奇了。

美国天然气产量的激增也使美国成为全球液化天然气(NGL)产量第一的国家。美国拥有全球40%的液化天然气产量，其中大部分天然气将用于炼油厂或石化生产。

然而，由于美国消耗了其生产的大部分天然气，在液化天然气出口方面落后于另外两个国家。卡塔尔以22.1%的液化天然气出口量位居全球第一，其次是澳大利亚(21.6%)、美国(9.8%)、俄罗斯(8.1%)和马来西亚(7.2%)。

但美国是世界上增长最快的液化天然气出口国，过去十年的年均增长率为40%。去年，美国是全球第三大液化天然气出口国，但仅仅五年前，美国的液化天然气出口量还排在全球第18位。

王佳晶 摘译自 今日油价

原文如下：

The U.S. Is Determined To Dominate Global Natural Gas Markets

This article is the third in a series on the BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2020. The Review provides a comprehensive picture of supply and demand for major energy sources on a country-level basis. Previous articles covered overall energy consumption and petroleum supply and demand.

Today, I want to cover the production and consumption of natural gas.

Natural gas is the cleanest of the fossil fuels. It is also fastest-growing fossil fuel, with a global 2.6 percent average annual growth rate over the past decade.

In comparison, oil grew at a rate of 1.3 percent over the past decade, and coal grew globally at 0.8 percent. Looking ahead, natural gas is projected to be the only fossil fuel that will see substantial demand growth over the next two decades.

Over the past decade, the U.S. shale gas boom propelled the U.S. into the global lead among natural producers. In 2019, the U.S. held a commanding 23.1 percent share of global natural gas production, well ahead of Russia (17.0 percent) and even the entire Middle East (17.4 percent).

The Top 10 producers of natural gas accounted for 70 percent of the world’s natural gas supply in 2019. U.S. production grew 10.2 percent last year to 89.1 billion cubic feet (BCF) per day, which was 88 percent higher than in 2005. In fact, last year’s production was more than the combined production of any other two countries in any year ever.

Over the past decade, U.S. natural gas production has grown at an average annual rate of 4.4 percent. During that time period, that actually lags the average annual growth rate in Australia (12.1 percent), Qatar (8.3 percent).

Given that natural gas isn’t as easily transported as oil, it shouldn’t be a huge surprise that there is a lot of overlap between natural gas producers and consumers. The Top 6 consumers of natural gas are all listed among the Top 10 producers as well.

The surge of natural gas production in the U.S. has also launched the U.S. into first place globally in natural gas liquids (NGL) production. The U.S. has a 40 percent global share of NGL production, with most of the NGLs destined for refineries or petrochemical production.

However, because the U.S. consumes most of the natural gas it produces, it lags two other countries in the export of liquefied natural gas (LNG, which is different than NGL). Qatar is in first place globally with a 22.1 percent share of LNG exports, followed by Australia (21.6 percent), the U.S. (9.8 percent), Russia (8.1 percent), and Malaysia (7.2 percent).

But the U.S. is the world’s fastest-growing LNG exporter, with a 40 percent average annual growth rate over the past decade (and a 66 percent increase from 2018 to 2019). For perspective, last year the U.S. was the 3rd largest LNG exporter, but just five years earlier the U.S. ranked 18th globally in LNG exports.

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