绿色氢成本下降 但仍还不够

据能源之声网站9月14日报道 专家们在CMS律师事务所举办的一次网络研讨会上表示，过去十年，电解槽的成本大幅下降，但在2030年之前，电-气技术将无法与化石氢相竞争。

与其他技术相比，可再生氢开发的一个关键障碍是相对较高的启动成本，这意味着需要政府补贴才能让项目落地。

CMS驻维也纳的合作伙伴Bernt Elsner在网络研讨会上表示，可再生氢项目的估计成本为2.5-5.5欧元/千克，相比之下，含碳捕获与储存（CCS）的化石氢项目成本为2欧元/千克，不含碳捕获与储存（CCS）的化石氢项目成本为1.5欧元/千克。化石氢是由天然气产生的氢气，在较小程度上是由煤产生，是当今主导氢市场的技术。

然而，在过去的十年里，电解槽的成本降低了60%，预计到2030年，成本将进一步降低50%。Elsner表示，到2030年，风能和太阳能发电相对便宜的地区有望与化石氢竞争。

他说：“这意味着在2030年之前，国家补贴将是促进清洁氢的必要手段。欧盟能源和气候国家援助指南的审查预计将在2021年进行。预计这些指导方针将有助于澄清哪些国家对氢项目的补贴有资格获得布鲁塞尔的国家援助批准。”

此外，欧盟预计将在未来几年加大对清洁氢项目的资助力度，这是欧盟在7月份启动的氢战略中所规定。风能和太阳能产生的可再生氢为优先考虑，该路线图要求到2030年，欧洲的电解产能将达到40吉瓦，北非和乌克兰等欧洲邻国的产能将进一步达到40吉瓦。

王磊 摘译自 能源之声

原文如下：

Green hydrogen costs fall, but not quite enough

The cost of electrolysers have fallen sharply over the last decade, but power-to-gas technologies will not be competitive with fossil-based hydrogen before 2030, panelists told a webinar hosted by CMS law firm.

One key barrier for renewable hydrogen development is the relatively high start-up costs compared with other technologies. This means there is a need for government subsidies to get projects off the ground.

Bernt Elsner, a Vienna-based partner with CMS, told the webinar that the estimated costs for renewable hydrogen projects is €2.5-5.5/kg, compared with €2/kg for fossil-based hydrogen with carbon capture and storage (CCS) and €1.5/kg for fossil-based hydrogen without CCS. Fossil-based hydrogen is hydrogen produced by natural gas and, to a lesser extent, coal and is the technology that dominates the hydrogen market today.

However, the cost of electrolysers has been reduced by 60% in the last ten years and a further 50% cost reduction is expected by 2030. Regions with relatively cheap electricity produced by wind and solar are expected to be able to compete with fossil hydrogen by 2030, said Elsner.

“This means that until 2030 state subsidies will be necessary to promote clean hydrogen,” he said. Elsner noted that a review of the EU’s state aid guidelines for energy and climate was expected in 2021. The guidelines are expected to help clarify which type of national subsidies for hydrogen projects that will qualify for state aid approval by Brussels.

Moreover, the EU is expected to scale up its funding for clean hydrogen projects over the coming years as stipulated in its hydrogen strategy launched in July. Renewable hydrogen produced by wind and solar is a priority. The roadmap calls for 40 GW of electrolysis capacity in Europe by 2030, and a further 40 GW in Europe’s “neighbourhood” such as North Africa and the Ukraine.