美国公布2万亿美元基础设施计划

据能源信息统计4月4日消息，美国政府公布了一项为期10年、耗资2万亿美元的基础设施计划，其中提出了1000亿美元的支出，用于升级和建设该国的电力传输系统。该计划提供了一项有针对性的投资税收抵免政策，以鼓励建设至少20吉瓦的高压输电线路，并在能源部内部创建一个新的电网部署机构，以利用现有的公路和铁路通行权。

白宫提议将清洁能源生产和储存的投资和生产税收抵免延长10年，并制定能源效率和清洁电力标准(EECES)，以减少电费和电力污染。该国计划到2035年实现100%无碳发电。该计划包括投资160亿美元，用于堵塞零散的油气井，恢复和回收废弃的煤矿、硬岩和铀矿。

此外，美国将投资1740亿美元以扩大电动汽车市场并投资350亿美元开发清洁能源技术，其中包括150亿美元用于示范项目，例如公用事业规模的储能,碳捕集与封存(CCS)、氢能、先进的核能、稀土元素分离、浮动海上风能、生物燃料和产品、量子计算以及电动汽车。最后，白宫计划支出6210亿美元用于标准的实体基础设施和现代化的公共交通，2130亿美元用于建造、保护和翻新超过200万幢住宅和商业建筑。

裘寅 编译自 enerdata

原文如下：

The United States unveils a US$2,000bn infrastructure plan

The US administration has unveiled a 10-year US$2,000bn infrastructure plan, which proposes US$100bn in spending to upgrade and build out the country’s electric transmission system. The plan provides a targeted investment tax credit that incentivises the buildout of at least 20 GW of high-voltage capacity power lines and creates a new Grid Deployment Authority within the Department of Energy empowered to leverage existing rights-of-way along roads and railways.

The White House proposes to extent for a decade the investment and production tax credits for clean energy generation and storage and establish an Energy Efficiency and Clean Electricity Standard (EECES) aimed at cutting electricity bills and electricity pollution. The country intends to achieve 100% carbon-free power mix by 2035. The plan includes US$16bn to plug orphan oil and gas wells and restoring and reclaiming abandoned coal, hard rock, and uranium mines.

In addition, the country will invest US$174bn to boost the markets for electric vehicles and US$35bn to develop clean energy technology, including US$15bn in demonstrations projects such utility-scale energy storage, carbon capture and storage (CCS), hydrogen, advanced nuclear, rare earth element separations, floating offshore wind, biofuel and bioproducts, quantum computing, and electric vehicles. Finally, the White House plans to spend US$621bn for standard physical infrastructure and modernising public transit and US$213bn to produce, preserve, and retrofit more than 2 million homes and commercial buildings.